Abstract: Nano-based drug delivery systems (NDDS) have emerged as a transformative approach in modern medicine, offering enhanced therapeutic efficacy, targeted delivery, and reduced systemic toxicity. This comprehensive review explores the fundamental design principles of NDDS, including material selection, surface functionalization, and payload encapsulation strategies. Various delivery mechanisms—such as passive and active targeting, stimuli-responsive release, and cellular uptake pathways—are examined to highlight their roles in optimizing drug bioavailability and therapeutic outcomes. The review further delves into current and emerging applications of nanocarriers across oncology, infectious diseases, neurological disorders, and gene therapy. Additionally, it addresses the challenges related to biocompatibility, large-scale production, regulatory hurdles, and clinical translation. By integrating recent advancements and interdisciplinary insights, this paper provides a holistic overview of the field and identifies promising directions for future research and development in nanomedicine.
Keywords: Nano-based drug delivery systems, Nanocarriers, Targeted drug delivery, Controlled release, Nanoparticles, Surface functionalization, Nanomedicine, Drug encapsulation.
Abstract: Cosmetics are an useful product commonly used worldwide to preserve and enhance the general appearance of the face and other parts of the body, such as skin, eyes, hair, hands, etc. The formulations representing cosmetics associated with active bio-ingredients, neutraceuticals, and pharmaceuticals are herbal cosmetics. The object of the present study was to formulate and evaluate the herbal cold containing plant extracts prepared for the nourishing and moistening of the skin using the water in oil method. The neem oil and extract of Mentha arvensis is used to prepare the cold cream. Using different evaluation techniques, the quality assessment of the formulated product was measured. No shift was observed in the physical properties of the formulated cream. During the study period of testing, the formulated cream demonstrated good consistency and spread ability, homogeneity, pH, non-greasy, no evidence of phase separation. Stability parameters such as visual appearance, nature, viscosity and fragrance of the formulated cream showed that during the research era, there was no significant variation. The cooling and relaxing effect is provided by the herbal extract containing cold cream due to the gradual evaporation of water contained in the emulsion. Cold creams are more moisturising because they have an oily barrier that eliminates the leakage of water from the outermost layer of the skin, the stratum corneum. They are water-in-oil emulsions and are intended to be applied to the skin or to the accessible mucous membrane to give the application site a localised and often systemic effect.
Keywords: Cold Cream, Water in Oil Emulsion, Mentha arvensis, Neem Oil.
Abstract: Direct tableting is a modern method for pharmaceutical materials; it needs to have good micromeretics properties. The aim of this study was to prepare and evaluate spherical agglomerates of an anti-diabetic drug (Glimepiride) by spherical agglomeration technique to improve physicochemical properties of the BCS Class II Drug. Spherical agglomerates are prepared by using PVP K30, PEG6000 as polymer in the various concentrations i.e. 1%, 2%, 3% respectively with DCM as good solvent and water as bad solvent. GLM and PVP K30 having the conc. of 3% shows the satisfactory results than other polymers and conc. Spherical crystals characterized by angle of repose, Hauser’s ratio, Cars index, Bulk density, Tapped Density, SEM, and in-vitro drug release. The spherical crystals show good dissolution profile. The data were obtained of all parameters are satisfactory. Tablet of agglomerates was prepared by mixing drug with excipients by direct compression method. Evaluation parameters of optimized batch and gives satisfactory results, like weight variation, hardness of the tablet, friability, thickness, disintegration test, drug content uniformity and in vitro drug release studies were performed. The water solubility of spherical crystals of Glimepiride was increased as compared with pure drug. The prepared crystals that having the changed size and shape that significantly responsible for the improvement in the flow ability, solubility and dissolution properties of Glimepiride agglomerates. The micrometrics properties of agglomerates were significantly improved, resulting in successful direct tableting. Prepared tablet from spherical agglomerates with excipients showed good physicochemical properties.
Keywords: Spherical Crystallization, Direct Compression, Flowability, Micromeretic Properties, Glimepiride.
Abstract: The landscape of drug delivery has undergone a transformative evolution, driven by the pursuit of enhanced therapeutic efficacy, minimized side effects, and improved patient compliance. This review explores recent advances in the engineering of controlled and targeted drug delivery systems, highlighting how these innovations are reshaping modern therapeutics. We examine a wide range of delivery platforms—including nanoparticles, liposomes, micelles, hydrogels, dendrimers, and implantable devices—with an emphasis on design strategies that enable spatiotemporal control of drug release and site-specific targeting. Mechanisms such as pH-sensitive, temperature-responsive, enzyme-triggered, and ligand-mediated delivery are discussed in the context of disease-specific applications, particularly in oncology, neurology, and infectious diseases. Emerging trends such as stimuli-responsive systems, biomimetic carriers, and integration with diagnostic technologies (theranostics) are also considered. While significant progress has been made, challenges remain in scalability, regulatory approval, and clinical translation. This review underscores the critical role of interdisciplinary approaches in engineering precision drug delivery systems that are safer, smarter, and more effective.
Keywords: Controlled drug delivery, Targeted drug delivery, Nanoparticles, Liposomes, Drug release mechanisms.
Abstract: Cosmeceuticals, which is the fastest growing segment of the natural personal care industry. These cosmeceuticals, serving as a bridge between personal care products and pharmaceuticals, have been developed specifically for their medicinal and cosmetic benefits. Cosmeceuticals (or alternatively, cosmaceuticals) are topical cosmetic pharmaceutical hybrids intended to enhance the beauty through ingredients that provide additional health related function or benefit. The cosmeceutical concept is used by many skin-care companies; especially those endorsed by dermatologists, to give the impression that the products contain more effective or more biologically active ingredients than just ordinary cosmetics. Hence, anyone can slap the label with tall claims to promote these products saying the products are more beneficial than the existing conventional regulated cosmetic products.
Keywords: Cosmetics, Pharmaceuticals, EU Regulations, Unani Medicine Plants, Cosmetologist.
