Abstract: With progress in biotechnology, combinational chemistry and genomics, a broad variation of new, potent and specific therapeutics being formulated. But because of common problems like poor stability, high potency and low solubility of drugs the drug delivery can affect the efficacy and potency for commercialization. Thus there is a need to develop more effective, safe methods and devices for drug delivery. Among the various methods and devices that have been utilized for controlled delivery, microspheres are one of the most important and common type of drug delivery system. Microspheres represent a most important part of novel drug delivery system by integrity of their desired carrier capacity and small size. Because of their short residence time, bioadhesive properties can be linked to microspheres to produce mucoadhesive microspheres. Bioadhesion is a condition in which two materials, at least one of which is biological in nature and are carry together for extended period of time by means of interfacial forces. It is a carrier linked drug delivery system in which particle size if microspheres range from 1-1000 µm in diameter they having a core of drug and outer layers are completely of polymers as coating materials. Mucoadhesive microspheres show merits like improved bioavailability of drug because of more surface to volume ratio, efficient absorption, also they increase the intimate contact of drug with the mucus membrane, targets the drug at the specific absorption site as well as sustained and controlled delivery of drug from dosage form. The aim of the present study is to provide an overview of several features and aspects of mucoadhesive microspheres based on different methods of preparation, use of various polymers, methods of evaluation of mucoadhesive microspheres and their approaches in drug delivery.
Abstract: Plants are the medicines of nature and have been used for food and medicine since ancient times by human beings on earth. Today, there are global trends towards the discovery of herbal medicines in plants to bring them to the market through an effective human drug delivery method. The basic idea behind it is that each disease’s cure is concealed in nature. The distribution of herbal products, however, also needs to be changed in order to achieve sustained release, improve patient compliance, etc. Due to packaging, standardization, extraction and detection difficulties, previous herbal drugs could not attract scientists to the modifications of novel drug delivery systems. But now, with advances in technology, modern drug delivery systems (NDDS) are opening the door to the development of a new herbal drug delivery system. Using advanced toxicity safety methods, stability improvement, enhanced bioavailability of herbal formulations, physical and chemical degradation protection can be achieved. In order to achieve modified delivery of herbal drugs by increasing the therapeutic benefit as well as reducing toxicity, novel drug delivery technologies have gained significance. The existing reviews include information on different novel approaches used to enhance the safety and efficacy of phytomedicines and to apply novel formulations.
Keywords: Vesicular Drug Delivery Systems, Drug Delivery Carriers, Archaesome, Pharmacosomes, Virosomes, Proteasomes.
Abstract: In the past ten years, there have been major advancements in medicine formulations that target the colon specifically. If a medicine could be administered directly to the colon, the effectiveness of the treatment might increase. Poorly soluble medications been proven to be absorbed in the colon. Because of their improved therapeutic efficacy and regulated drug release with fewer adverse effects, microspheres have become more important for drug delivery in the colon. This review briefly discusses colon introduction, various colon targeting strategies, and microspheres as a colon medication delivery system carrier.
Keywords: Colon Targeted Drug Delivery System, pH-Sensitive, Time Controlled Release, Microbially Triggered, Prodrug Approach, Microsphere.
Abstract: A hydrogel is a network of polymer chains that don’t dissolve in water. It can also be found as a liquid gel in water. Hydrogels are superabsorbent materials that come from nature or are made in a lab. They can hold over 99 percent water. Because the medicine gets into the lower layers of the skin or mucous membranes, it has affects that are only felt at the place where it is applied. Microemulsions are colloidal dispersions that are thermodynamically stable, fluid, transparent (or translucent), and made up of an oil phase, an aqueous phase, a surfactant, and a co-surfactant in the right amounts to form a single optically isotropic solution with droplet sizes that are usually between 10 and 100 nanometers. Transparency, low viscosity, and, most importantly, the ability to make micro-emulsions that naturally split from regular emulsions. As a way to put medicine on the skin, micro-emulsions are better than creams, gels, and liquids in a number of ways. Based on microemulsion, the Hydrogel technology will be able to keep the effective dose at the site of action while also making the drug more bioavailable. This study looks at how microemulsion-based hydrogel is made, how it is characterised, how it is evaluated, and how stable it is.
Abstract: Natural products derived from plants have been extensively researched for their therapeutic potential. This study focuses on the formulation and evaluation of a Murraya koenigii leaf extract-based gel for topical application with antibacterial properties. Murraya koenigii, also known as curry leaves, is known for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties. The formulated gel was characterized through various physical evaluations, including colour, Odor, consistency, pH, viscosity, spreadability, and washability. The gel exhibited good viscosity (6256 cp), excellent spreadability (7.4 gm.cm/sec), and a pH of 6.4, making it suitable for topical application. Antibacterial efficacy was tested against Staphylococcus aureus, showing a significant zone of inhibition (19.625 cm). The in vitro drug release study revealed a rapid initial release (40% in 15 minutes), followed by a sustained release over 300 minutes (95% cumulative release). These results suggest that Murraya koenigii leaf extract gel has potential as a plant-based antibacterial treatment, providing both immediate and prolonged therapeutic effects for bacterial skin infections.
Keywords: Murraya koenigii, Curry Leaves, Antibacterial Gel, Topical Application, Staphylococcus aureus, In Vitro Drug Release, Herbal Formulation, Plant-based Antibacterial Agent.
