Abstract: The growing demand for natural, herbal alternatives in oral healthcare has led to the development of an antimicrobial mouthwash using clove (Syzygium aromaticum) and tulsi (Ocimum sanctum) extracts. This study aimed to prepare and evaluate a herbal mouthwash formulated with these extracts for its potential antimicrobial activity. Clove and tulsi are renowned for their bioactive compounds, including eugenol and flavonoids, known to exhibit potent antimicrobial effects. The mouthwash was prepared using standardized extracts of both herbs, ensuring the preservation of their active ingredients. Its antimicrobial efficacy was assessed against common oral pathogen such as E. coli, using well-established microbiological techniques like agar well diffusion. The results indicated significant antimicrobial activity with the herbal mouthwash. Furthermore, the formulation was evaluated for its physical properties, pH, viscosity and stability attributes. This study suggests that the herbal mouthwash containing clove and tulsi extracts can serve as a promising natural alternative for oral hygiene with effective antimicrobial properties, offering an eco-friendly option for consumers seeking alternatives to conventional oral care products.
Abstract: The interest in researching and developing new antimicrobial agents from different sources to combat microbial resistance has been increasing in recent years. Therefore, greater attention has been paid to screening and testing methods of antimicrobial activity. Several bioassays such as disk-diffusion, well-diffusion and broth or agar dilution are well known and frequently used, but others such as cytofluorometric and bioluminescent methods are not widely used because they require specialized equipment and more reproducibility and standardization evaluation, even though they can provide rapid results of the effects of the antimicrobial agent and better evaluation for reproducibility and standardization. In this review article, an exhaustive list of in vitro-antimicrobial susceptibility testing methods and detailed details on their advantages and limitations are recorded.
Abstract: Nanocarrier-based drug delivery systems represent a transformative advancement in precision medicine, offering the potential to enhance therapeutic efficacy while minimizing off-target effects. This review explores the molecular pharmacology underlying nanocarrier technologies, focusing on the mechanisms of drug loading, release, and cellular uptake, as well as the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles shaped by nanoscale delivery platforms. We discuss the molecular interactions between nanocarriers and biological systems, including receptor-mediated targeting, endocytic pathways, intracellular trafficking, and drug release kinetics. Special emphasis is placed on how surface modifications—such as PEGylation, ligand conjugation, and pH-/enzyme-responsive coatings—enable selective delivery to diseased tissues, particularly in oncology, neurodegenerative diseases, and inflammatory disorders. Furthermore, we examine emerging trends in nanocarrier design, such as biomimetic systems and stimuli-responsive nanoparticles, and their implications for overcoming biological barriers and drug resistance. By integrating insights from molecular pharmacology with nanotechnology, this review provides a comprehensive understanding of how rationally engineered nanocarriers can optimize therapeutic outcomes and pave the way for next-generation precision therapeutics.
Abstract: This digest covers some of the most important developments in the widely published discovery of malaria drugs between 2010 and 2012. The need to develop new antimalarial drugs is urgent. In order to reduce the symptoms, such medications may target the blood stage of the disease, the liver stage to prevent relapses, and the transmission stage to protect other humans. The blood stage pipeline is becoming stable, but this should not be a source of complacency, as a high standard is set by the current therapies. Drug development very liver-oriented activities and transmission phases are in their infancy, but the attention is earned as targeting these phases may be instrumental in eradicating malaria.
Abstract: Rosuvastatin is a newer HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor which shows some specific pharmacological and pharmacokinetic properties. Rosuvastatin claimed as a “super-statin” which decreases the LDL cholesterol comparing to other statins. A benefit-risk profile of Rosuvastatin makes it more sustanable to treat dyslipidemia. Rosuvastatin plays an important role in the various cardiovascular diseases. Rosuvastatin is cholesterol lowering agent which is used in the treatment of various cardiovascular diseases, cerebrovascular and peripheral vascular diseases. It is favorable balance including anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects and improvement in endothelial dysfunction, are related with slowing of progress of dyslipidemia within the artery wall. In combination of other statins, rosuvastatin did not show benefit in terms of survival in patients with cardiac heart failure. those patients at end-stage renal disease undergoing chronic hemodialysis, rosuvastatin has no effect on decreasing cardiovascular events. There is a moderately elevated risk of incident of diabetes with this class of agents. Rosuvastatin is an appropriate medication therapy in addition to antihypertensive treatment to decrease cardiovascular risk in hypertensive patients with other statins. Rosuvastatin have less extrahepatic tissue penetration, low potential for CYP3A4 interactions and substantial LDL-C lowering capacity, therefore it has distinct benifits. This review outlines the pharmacology of rosuvastatin, highlighting its efficacy and safety and overview on the analytical methods of rosuvastatin in pharmaceutical dosage form.
