Abstract: A natural and efficient substitute for conventional dental care products, herbal toothpaste has both medicinal and aesthetic advantages. This study focuses on creating and testing a polyherbal toothpaste that contains ingredients that are known to have antibacterial and anti-inflammatory qualities, such as ginger, tulsi, clove, acacia gum, peppermint oil, and honey. The toothpaste was prepared using standard procedures and evaluated for physical appearance, pH, spreadability, extrudability, foamability, homogeneity, abrasiveness, moisture content, and antimicrobial activity. The final formulation demonstrated desirable organoleptic and physicochemical characteristics, with a neutral pH (7.5), excellent spreadability (2.9 cm/sec), and no sharp or abrasive particles. Agar well diffusion method confirmed moderate antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, with a zone of inhibition of 10 mm, outperforming a commercial herbal counterpart. The presence of bioactive phytoconstituents such as eugenol, flavonoids, and menthol contributed to the therapeutic potential of the formulation. These findings support the development of eco-friendly, effective herbal toothpaste for daily oral hygiene.
Abstract: A complex illness, cancer is caused by the deregulation of important molecular processes that control cellular survival, proliferation, differentiation, and genomic stability. Critical insights into the mechanics of oncogenesis and the creation of targeted therapeutics have been made possible by an understanding of these pathways. This study examines the main signaling cascades linked to cancer, such as the DNA damage response pathways, PI3K/AKT/mTOR, RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK, Wnt/β-catenin, and p53. We go over the ways that mutations, epigenetic changes, and environmental influences can either activate or inhibit these pathways, which in turn encourages tumor growth and spread. Additionally, we highlight new and existing therapeutic approaches—such as immunotherapies, monoclonal antibodies, and small molecule inhibitors—that target these molecular pathways. Off-target effects, tumor heterogeneity, and treatment resistance are still problems despite tremendous progress. To improve patient outcomes and create more individualized, efficient treatments, further study into the molecular causes of cancer is necessary.
Abstract: Obesity refers to the accumulation of abnormal or unnecessary fat in the human body, resulting in a health risk. The goal and objective of this study is to conduct an in-silico docking analysis of the HMG-CoA reductase and enzyme target for antihyperlipidemic activity of the medicinal plant Malvastrum Coromandelianum. The phytoconstituents of the medicinal plants have been collected from the chemical database pubchem. 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A is the target for the docking analysis (HMG CoA reductase). The 3D protein structure of the enzyme HMG-CoA Reductase is derived from the [PDB ID: 3CCT] Protein Data Bank. The study of in-silico docking was performed using Molegro virtual docker (MVD). Silico docking studies have taken the place of the new version of GLIDE Software v5.5, built by Schrödinger. These findings showed that the binding energy in all active components ranged from -4.5 to -9.2 kcal/mol. If compared to the standard (-9.8 kcal/mol). Due to their structural parameters, the inhibitors of HMG-CoA reductase are excellent, as are palmitic acid and palmitoleic acid. It was found that, as opposed to the standard drugs, the investigated phytoconstituents showed potent inhibiting activity as the MolDock score directly represents possible binding to the enzyme. The studied phytoconstituents show promise as antihyperlipidaemic leads and justify antiobesity claims of their source plants Malvastrum Coromandelianum.
Abstract: Molecular Docking provides an array of valuable tools for drug design and analysis. Simple visualization of molecules and easy access to structural databases has become essential components on the desktop of the medicinal chemist. Commercial software programs continue to expand upon the core user interface. New algorithms from industry and academia are quickly incorporated into the high end packages. Public domain packages are becoming more stable and offering functionality that rivals some of the commercial offerings computers continue to double in speed every year and a half while graphic displays became more sophisticated and intuitive. All of these elements make molecular docking an integral part of drug design. It continues to extend its role in exciting new techniques such as computational enzymology, genomics, and proteomic search engines.
Abstract: The field of biomedical research and therapeutic innovation is changing as a result of the convergence of molecular biology, nanotechnology, and nanomedicine. The fundamental knowledge of genetic and cellular systems provided by molecular biology acts as a guide for the logical creation of instruments at the nanoscale. Nanotechnology provides previously unheard-of control over the atomic and molecular level of material design, allowing for the development of precisely tailored nanoparticles, biosensors, and delivery systems. Nanomedicine, the clinical application of nanotechnology in healthcare, harnesses these innovations to enhance diagnostics, targeted drug delivery, and personalized therapies. Innovations like CRISPR-Cas9 delivery vehicles for gene editing, smart nanocarriers that react to cellular surroundings, and nanoscale diagnostic systems that can identify diseases in their early stages are being fuelled by this interdisciplinary synergy. In addition to advancing our knowledge of biological systems, bridging these domains speeds up the creation of cutting-edge medical technologies that promise safer, more efficient, and highly customised therapies for a variety of illnesses.
Keywords: Molecular biology, Nanotechnology, Nanomedicine, Interdisciplinary research, Targeted drug delivery.
