“Therapeutic Frontiers in Neuropharmacology: From Synapse to System” explores how molecular interactions at the synapse translate into brain-wide effects, linking basic neurobiology with therapeutic innovation. Covering disorders like neurodegenerative diseases, mood disorders, epilepsy, and cognitive impairments, it highlights novel strategies such as gut–brain axis modulation, neuroimmune regulation, neuroprotection, and precision medicine. Designed for neuroscientists, pharmacologists, and clinicians, it serves as both a reference and guide to emerging treatments bridging research and clinical practice.