IDAAM Publications

Solid Lipid Nanoparticles: Fundamentals, Design and Applications

Chapter 11 -Functionalization and Targeting Strategies of Solid Lipid Nanoparticles

Vidya Umesh Patil, Smita V. Nhawkar, Rajanikant B. Ghotane

Abstract:
The field of nanotechnology is the science and process of producing materials with unique properties at the nanoscale. Technology that functions at a billionth of a meter scale is known as nanotechnology. According to their size, nanomaterials are divided into three categories: organic, inorganic, and green. There are several ways to synthesize nanomaterials, including top-down and down-up approaches, which incorporate a variety of synthesis techniques. The prepared nanoscale structure are evaluated employing several tools like dynamic light scattering, scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope, zeta potential etc. there are various other methods for evaluation of safety and efficacy of dosage forms like in-vitro methods and in-vivo methods. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), and the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) are essential organizations participating across the regulatory framework process. Solid lipid nanoparticles will be covered in detail in the next chapter, along with an overview, formulation considerations, evaluation criteria, and many other topics.
Keywords:
Nanotechnology, solid lipid nanoparticles, nanomaterials, regulatory aspects, ethical consideration, nanoscale, nanomaterial synthesis, medicine, drug delivery, nanocarriers.
References:
[1] Peer D, Karp JM, Hong S, Farokhzad OC, Margalit R, Langer R. Nanocarriers as an emerging platform for cancer therapy. Nano-enabled medical applications. 2020 Nov 23:61-91.
[2] Sailaja, A.K., P. Amareshwar, and P. Chakravarty, Formulationofsolidlipidnanoparticlesandtheirapplications. Journal of Current Pharma Research, 2011. 1(2): p. 197.
[3] Müller RH, Mäder K, Gohla S. Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) for controlled drug delivery–a review of the state of the art. European journal of pharmaceutics and biopharmaceutics. 2000 Jul 3;50(1):161-77.
[4] Mehnert W, Mäder K. Solid lipid nanoparticles: production, characterization and applications. Advanced drug delivery reviews. 2012 Dec 1; 64:83-101.
[5] Müller RH, Mäder K, Gohla S. Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) for controlled drug delivery–a review of the state of the art. European journal of pharmaceutics and biopharmaceutics. 2000 Jul 3;50(1):161-77.
[6] Wissing SA, Kayser O, Müller RH. Solid lipid nanoparticles for parenteral drug delivery. Advanced drug delivery reviews. 2004 May 7;56(9):1257-72.
[7] Mehnert W, Mäder K. Solid lipid nanoparticles: production, characterization and applications. Advanced drug delivery reviews. 2012 Dec 1; 64:83-101.
[8] zurMühlen A, Schwarz C, Mehnert W. Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) for controlled drug delivery–drug release and release mechanism. European journal of pharmaceutics and biopharmaceutics. 1998 Mar 1;45(2):149-55.
[9] Parhi R, Suresh P. Production of solid lipid nanoparticles-drug loading and release mechanism. J Chem Pharm Res. 2010;2(1):211-7.
[10] Souto EB, Müller RH. Lipid nanoparticles: effect on bioavailability and pharmacokinetic changes. Drug delivery. 2010:115-41.
[11] Karamanidou T, Bourganis V, Kammona O, Kiparissides C. Lipid-based nanocarriers for the oral administration of biopharmaceutics. Nanomedicine. 2016 Nov 1;11(22):3009-32.
[12] Owens III DE, Peppas NA. Opsonization, biodistribution, and pharmacokinetics of polymeric nanoparticles. International journal of pharmaceutics. 2006 Jan 3;307(1):93-102.
[13] Gref R, Lück M, Quellec PF, Marchand MF, Dellacherie EF, Harnisch SF, Blunk TF, Müller RH. ‘Stealth’corona-core nanoparticles surface modified by polyethylene glycol (PEG): influences of the corona (PEG chain length and surface density) and of the core composition on phagocytic uptake and plasma protein adsorption. Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces. 2000 Oct 1;18(3-4):301-13.
[14] Wang AZ, Langer R, Farokhzad OC. Nanoparticle delivery of cancer drugs. Annual review of medicine. 2012 Feb 18;63(1):185-98.
[15] Patel T, Zhou J, Piepmeier JM, Saltzman WM. Polymeric nanoparticles for drug delivery to the central nervous system. Advanced drug delivery reviews. 2012 May 15;64(7):701-5.
[16] Xie Y, Bagby TR, Cohen MS, Forrest ML. Drug delivery to the lymphatic system: importance in future cancer diagnosis and therapies. Expert opinion on drug delivery. 2009 Aug 1;6(8):785-92.
[17] Danhier F, Le Breton A, Préat V. RGD-based strategies to target alpha (v) beta (3) integrin in cancer therapy and diagnosis. Molecular pharmaceutics. 2012 Nov 5;9(11):2961-73.
[18] Huwyler J, Wu D, Pardridge WM. Brain drug delivery of small molecules using immunoliposomes. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 1996 Nov 26;93(24):14164-9.
[19] Zhou J, Rossi J. Aptamers as targeted therapeutics: current potential and challenges. Nature reviews Drug discovery. 2017 Mar;16(3):181-202.
[20] Park JW. Liposome-based drug delivery in breast cancer treatment. Breast Cancer Research. 2002 Jun; 4:1-5.
[21] Gawel AM, Singh R, Debinski W. Metal-based nanostructured therapeutic strategies for glioblastoma treatment—an update. Biomedicines. 2022 Jul 5;10(7):1598.
[22] Maeda H, Wu J, Sawa T, Matsumura Y, Hori K. Tumor vascular permeability and the EPR effect in macromolecular therapeutics: a review. Journal of controlled release. 2000 Mar 1;65(1-2):271-84.
[23] Storm G, Belliot SO, Daemen T, Lasic DD. Surface modification of nanoparticles to oppose uptake by the mononuclear phagocyte system. Advanced drug delivery reviews. 1995 Oct 1;17(1):31-48.
[24] Brannon-Peppas L, Blanchette JO. Nanoparticle and targeted systems for cancer therapy. Advanced drug delivery reviews. 2004 Sep 22;56(11):1649-59.
[25] Xie Y, Bagby TR, Cohen MS, Forrest ML. Drug delivery to the lymphatic system: importance in future cancer diagnosis and therapies. Expert opinion on drug delivery. 2009 Aug 1;6(8):785-92.
[26] Adamo G, Campora S, Ghersi G. Functionalization of nanoparticles in specific targeting and mechanism release. InNanostructures for novel therapy 2017 Jan 1 (pp. 57-80). Elsevier.
[27] Sahay G, Alakhova DY, Kabanov AV. Endocytosis of nanomedicines. Journal of controlled release. 2010 Aug 3;145(3):182-95.
[28] Wang J, Tian S, Petros RA, Napier ME, DeSimone JM. The complex role of multivalency in nanoparticles targeting the transferrin receptor for cancer therapies. Journal of the American chemical society. 2010 Aug 18;132(32):11306-13.
[29] Bae Y, Fukushima S, Harada A, Kataoka K. Design of environment‐sensitive supramolecular assemblies for intracellular drug delivery: Polymeric micelles that are responsive to intracellular pH change. AngewandteChemie. 2003 Oct 6;115(38):4788-91.
[30] Hu Y, Mignani S, Majoral JP, Shen M, Shi X. Construction of iron oxide nanoparticle-based hybrid platforms for tumor imaging and therapy. Chemical Society Reviews. 2018;47(5):1874-900.
[31] Hu Q, Katti PS, Gu Z. Enzyme-responsive nanomaterials for controlled drug delivery. Nanoscale. 2014;6(21):12273-86.
[32] Ryu JH, Koo H, Sun IC, Yuk SH, Choi K, Kim K, Kwon IC. Tumor-targeting multi-functional nanoparticles for theragnosis: new paradigm for cancer therapy. Advanced drug delivery reviews. 2012 Oct 1;64(13):1447-58.
[33] Eleftheriadou D, Kesidou D, Moura F, Felli E, Song W. Redox‐responsive nanobiomaterials‐based therapeutics for neurodegenerative diseases. Small. 2020 Oct;16(43):1907308.
[34] Pankhurst QA, Thanh NT, Jones SK, Dobson J. Progress in applications of magnetic nanoparticles in biomedicine. Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics. 2009 Nov 6;42(22):224001.
[35] Husseini GA, Pitt WG. Micelles and nanoparticles for ultrasonic drug and gene delivery. Advanced drug delivery reviews. 2008 Jun 30;60(10):1137-52.
[36] Lucky SS, Soo KC, Zhang Y. Nanoparticles in photodynamic therapy. Chemical reviews. 2015 Feb 25;115(4):1990-2042.
[37] D Archivio M, Filesi C, Di Benedetto R, Gargiulo R, Giovannini C, Masella R. Polyphenols, dietary sources and bioavailability. Annali-IstitutoSuperiore di Sanita. 2007 Oct;43(4):348.
[38] Cermak R, Wolffram S. The potential of flavonoids to influence drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics by local gastrointestinal mechanisms. Current drug metabolism. 2006 Oct 1;7(7):729-44.
[39] Mukherjee S, Ray S, Thakur RS. Solid lipid nanoparticles: a modern formulation approach in drug delivery system. Indian journal of pharmaceutical sciences. 2009 Jul;71(4):349.
[40] Liu W, Huang Y, Zhang C, et al. Enhanced bioavailability and anti-tumor efficacy of quercetin-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles. Int J Pharm. 2014;471(1–2):170–177.
[41] Mehranfard N, Ghasemi M, Rajabian A, Ansari L. Protective potential of naringenin and its nanoformulations in redox mechanisms of injury and disease. Heliyon. 2023 Dec 1;9(12).
[42] Santhamoorthy M, Asaithambi P, Ramkumar V, Elangovan N, Perumal I, Kim SC. A Review on the Recent Advancements of Polymer-Modified Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles for Drug Delivery Under Stimuli-Trigger. Polymers. 2025 Jun 13;17(12):1640.
[43] Batool S, Sohail S, ud Din F, Alamri AH, Alqahtani AS, Alshahrani MA, Alshehri MA, Choi HG. A detailed insight of the tumor targeting using nanocarrier drug delivery system. Drug Delivery. 2023 Dec 31;30(1):2183815.
[44] Wang J, Tian S, Petros RA, Napier ME, DeSimone JM. The complex role of multivalency in nanoparticles targeting the transferrin receptor for cancer therapies. Journal of the American chemical society. 2010 Aug 18;132(32):11306-13.
[45] Malekpour-Galogahi F, Hatamian-Zarmi A, Ganji F, Ebrahimi-Hosseinzadeh B, Nojoki F, Sahraeian R, Mokhtari-Hosseini ZB. Preparation and optimization of rivastigmine-loaded tocopherol succinate-based solid lipid nanoparticles. Journal of liposome research. 2018 Jul 3;28(3):226-35.
[46] Kaur IP, Bhandari R, Bhandari S, Kakkar V. Potential of solid lipid nanoparticles in brain targeting. Journal of Controlled release. 2008 Apr 21;127(2):97-109.
[47] Almeida AJ, Souto E. Solid lipid nanoparticles as a drug delivery system for peptides and proteins. Advanced drug delivery reviews. 2007 Jul 10;59(6):478-90.
[48] Danaei MR, Dehghankhold M, Ataei S, HasanzadehDavarani F, Javanmard R, Dokhani A, Khorasani S, Mozafari MR. Impact of particle size and polydispersity index on the clinical applications of lipidicnanocarrier systems. Pharmaceutics. 2018 May 18;10(2):57.
[49] Sanna V, Gavini E, Cossu M, Rassu G, Giunchedi P. Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) as carriers for the topical delivery of econazole nitrate: in‐vitro characterization, ex‐vivo and in‐vivo studies. Journal of pharmacy and pharmacology. 2007 Aug;59(8):1057-64.
[50] Jenning V, Gysler A, Schäfer-Korting M, Gohla SH. Vitamin A loaded solid lipid nanoparticles for topical use: occlusive properties and drug targeting to the upper skin. European journal of pharmaceutics and biopharmaceutics. 2000 May 2;49(3):211-8.
[51] Mäder K. Solid lipid nanoparticles. InHandbook of Materials for Nanomedicine 2020 Mar 12 (pp. 173-206). Jenny Stanford Publishing.
[52] Riviere JE, editor. Comparative pharmacokinetics: principles, techniques and applications. John Wiley & Sons; 2011 Jan 14.
[53] Fang RH, Kroll AV, Gao W, Zhang L. Cell membrane coating nanotechnology. Advanced materials. 2018 Jun;30(23):1706759.
[54] Lee JH, Huh YM, Jun YW, Seo JW, Jang JT, Song HT, Kim S, Cho EJ, Yoon HG, Suh JS, Cheon J. Artificially engineered magnetic nanoparticles for ultra-sensitive molecular imaging. Nature medicine. 2007 Jan 1;13(1):95-9.
[55] Singh R, Lillard Jr JW. Nanoparticle-based targeted drug delivery. Experimental and molecular pathology. 2009 Jun 1;86(3):215-23.
[56] Mazumdar H, Khondakar KR, Das S, Halder A, Kaushik A. Artificial intelligence for personalized nanomedicine; from material selection to patient outcomes. Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery. 2025 Jan 2;22(1):85-108.
[57] ScioliMontoto S, Muraca G, Ruiz ME. Solid lipid nanoparticles for drug delivery: pharmacological and biopharmaceutical aspects. Frontiers in molecular biosciences. 2020 Oct 30; 7:587997.

 

Purchase this Chapter(PDF):
INR 1499 (Indian) | USD 19.99 (Overseas)

Purchase the complete e-book:
INR 4999 (Indian) | USD 84.99 (Overseas)
To purchase this chapter/complete e-book, contact books.idaampublications@gmail.com